
Personalized Cancer Therapy
There are promising developments in cancer treatment today. In particular, the development and use of new drugs in the targeting therapy group have strengthened the hands of medical oncologists and increased the chance of recovery for cancer patients.
Each person's cancer develops from their own healthy cells and has unique genetic characteristics. Therefore, the results of cancer treatment are different for each person, even if the cancer type is the same. This shows the importance of personalized cancer treatment.
In our clinic, advanced laboratory tests are conducted on cancer tissue samples to plan personalized treatment for patients. Drugs that block enzymes, mutations, and proteins necessary for cancer survival are used. As a result, the chance of recovery from cancer is increased, while fewer side effects are seen.
Currently, targeted cancer drugs approved for use in cancer treatment are listed below according to the diseases they treat
Agent |
Target(s) |
FDA-approved indication(s) |
Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) |
HER2 (ERBB2/neu) |
|
Afatinib (Gilotrif) |
EGFR (HER1/ERBB1), HER2 (ERBB2/neu) |
|
Aldesleukin (Proleukin) |
|
|
Alectinib (Alecensa) |
ALK |
|
Alemtuzumab (Campath) |
CD52 |
|
Atezolizumab (Tecentriq) |
PD-L1 |
|
Avelumab (Bavencio) |
PD-L1 |
|
Axitinib (Inlyta) |
KIT, PDGFRβ, VEGFR1/2/3 |
|
Belimumab (Benlysta) |
BAFF |
|
Belinostat (Beleodaq) |
HDAC |
|
Bevacizumab (Avastin) |
VEGF ligand |
|
Blinatumomab (Blincyto) |
CD19/CD3 |
|
Bortezomib (Velcade) |
Proteasome |
|
Bosutinib (Bosulif) |
ABL |
|
Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) |
CD30 |
|
Brigatinib (Alunbrig) |
ALK |
|
Cabozantinib (Cabometyx [tablet], Cometriq [capsule]) |
FLT3, KIT, MET, RET, VEGFR2 |
|
Canakinumab (Ilaris) |
IL-1β |
|
Carfilzomib (Kyprolis) |
Proteasome |
|
Ceritinib (Zykadia) |
ALK |
|
Cetuximab (Erbitux) |
EGFR (HER1/ERBB1) |
|
Cobimetinib (Cotellic) |
MEK |
|
Crizotinib (Xalkori) |
ALK, MET, ROS1 |
|
Dabrafenib (Tafinlar) | BRAF |
|
Dabrafenib (Tafinlar) |
BRAF |
|
Daratumumab (Darzalex) |
CD38 |
|
Dasatinib (Sprycel) |
ABL |
|
Denosumab (Xgeva) |
RANKL |
|
Dinutuximab (Unituxin) |
B4GALNT1 (GD2) |
|
Durvalumab (Imfinzi) |
PD-L1 |
|
Elotuzumab (Empliciti) |
SLAMF7 (CS1/CD319/CRACC) |
|
Enasidenib (Idhifa) |
IDH2 |
|
Erlotinib (Tarceva) |
EGFR (HER1/ERBB1) |
|
Everolimus (Afinitor) |
mTOR |
|
Gefitinib (Iressa) |
EGFR (HER1/ERBB1) |
|
Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) |
CD20 |
|
Ibrutinib (Imbruvica) |
BTK |
|
Idelalisib (Zydelig) |
PI3Kδ |
|
Imatinib (Gleevec) |
KIT, PDGFR, ABL |
|
Ipilimumab (Yervoy) |
CTLA-4 |
|
Ixazomib (Ninlaro) |
Proteasome |
|
Lapatinib (Tykerb) |
HER2 (ERBB2/neu), EGFR (HER1/ERBB1) |
|
Lenvatinib (Lenvima) |
VEGFR2 |
|
Midostaurin (Rydapt) |
FLT3 |
|
Necitumumab (Portrazza) |
EGFR (HER1/ERBB1) |
|
Neratinib (Nerlynx) |
HER2 (ERBB2/neu) |
|
Nilotinib (Tasigna) |
ABL |
|
Niraparib (Zejula) |
PARP |
|
Nivolumab (Opdivo) |
PD-1 |
|
Obinutuzumab (Gazyva) |
CD20 |
|
Ofatumumab (Arzerra, HuMax-CD20) |
CD20 |
|
Olaparib (Lynparza) |
PARP |
|
Olaratumab (Lartruvo) |
PDGFRα |
|
Osimertinib (Tagrisso) |
EGFR |
|
Palbociclib (Ibrance) |
CDK4, CDK6 |
|
Panitumumab (Vectibix) |
EGFR (HER1/ERBB1) |
|
Panobinostat (Farydak) |
HDAC |
|
Pazopanib (Votrient) |
VEGFR, PDGFR, KIT |
|
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) |
PD-1 |
|
Pertuzumab (Perjeta) |
HER2 (ERBB2/neu) |
|
Ponatinib (Iclusig) |
ABL, FGFR1-3, FLT3, VEGFR2 |
|
Ramucirumab (Cyramza) |
VEGFR2 |
|
Regorafenib (Stivarga) |
KIT, PDGFRβ, RAF, RET, VEGFR1/2/3 |
|
Ribociclib (Kisqali) |
CDK4, CDK6 |
|
Rituximab (Rituxan, Mabthera) |
CD20 |
|
Rituximab/hyaluronidase human (Rituxan Hycela) |
CD20 |
|
Romidepsin (Istodax) |
HDAC |
|
Rucaparib (Rubraca) |
PARP |
|
Ruxolitinib (Jakafi) |
JAK1/2 |
|
Siltuximab (Sylvant) |
IL-6 |
|
Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) |
|
|
Sonidegib (Odomzo) |
Smoothened |
|
Sorafenib (Nexavar) |
VEGFR, PDGFR, KIT, RAF |
|
Temsirolimus (Torisel) |
mTOR |
|
Tocilizumab (Actemra) |
IL-6R |
|
Tofacitinib (Xeljanz) |
JAK3 |
|
Tositumomab (Bexxar) |
CD20 |
|
Trametinib (Mekinist) |
MEK |
|
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) |
HER2 (ERBB2/neu) |
|
Vandetanib (Caprelsa) |
EGFR (HER1/ERBB1), RET, VEGFR2 |
|
Vemurafenib (Zelboraf) |
BRAF |
|
Venetoclax (Venclexta) |
BCL2 |
|
Vismodegib (Erivedge) |
PTCH, Smoothened |
|
Vorinostat (Zolinza) |
HDAC |
|
Ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap) |
PIGF, VEGFA/B |
|
Reference:
- Baudino TA. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2015;12(1):3-20. Targeted Cancer Therapy: The Next Generation of Cancer Treatment.
- Pento JT. Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Cance. Anticancer Research 2017;37(11) 5935-5939.
- Allahyari H, Heidari S, Ghamgosha M, Saffarian P, Amani J. Immunotoxin: A new tool for cancer therapy. Tumour Biol. 2017 Feb;39(2):1010428317692226.
- https://www.mycancergenome.org/content/molecular-medicine/overview-of-targeted-therapies-for-cancer/